Protein Electrophoresis Patterns in Orbital Apex Syndrome: A Case Series of Rare Diagnosis

Case Report | APFCB News. 2026 July-Dec;5(2):75-80

Dr. Swati Singh, Dr Manushri Sharma, Dr Bhawna Mahajan, Dr Jitender Sharma, Dr Renu Sehrawat, Dr Cheteny Cheteny, Dr Mohit Singh

Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India

Abstract

Orbital Apex Syndrome (OAS) is a rare neuro-ophthalmic disorder characterized by multiple cranial nerve dysfunction, presenting with ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, proptosis, and sensory deficits. Its diverse neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, and vascular etiologies often delay diagnosis and increase the risk of irreversible visual loss. Although imaging localizes orbital lesions, it may not identify the underlying systemic etiology. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), detects occult systemic disorders, particularly plasma cell dyscrasias and inflammatory conditions associated with OAS. Early incorporation of SPE into the diagnostic workup may facilitate timely recognition of systemic diseases, with guided targeted investigations. Thereby improving clinical outcomes and preventing permanent neurological or visual sequelae enabling prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with OAS, highlighting the role of SPE in detecting underlying systemic disorders.